Efficient 1,3-dihydroxyacetone biosynthesis in Gluconobacter oxydans using metabolic engineering and a fed-batch strategy

Abstract 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is a commercially important chemical and widely used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, food industries as it prevents excessive water evaporation, provides anti-ultraviolet radiation protection antioxidant activity. Currently, the industrial production of DHA based on biotechnological synthetic route using Gluconobacter oxydans . However, achieving higher requires more improvements process. In this study, we compared synthesis levels five wild-type strains, after which G. WSH-003 strain was selected. Then, 16 dehydrogenase genes, unrelated to synthesis, were individually knocked out, with one significantly enhancing production, reaching 89.49 g L −1 42.27% than strain. By optimizing culture media, including seed fermentation further enhanced. Finally, an established fed-batch system, reached 198.81 5 bioreactor, glycerol conversion rate 82.84%. Graphical